New Programs in Public Universities and Social Exclusion: An Analytical Study

The phenomenon of "social exclusion" in societies has a clear impact on threatening social cohesion and stabilizing class differentiation. The extreme impact of this phenomenon may be embodied by wasting the values ​​of social justice and social solidarity among its members, as they are two pillars on which the functional integration of the parts of the social structure of any society is based. In addition to what happens in the dissonance of the groups of a single society, and what leads to the weakness of belonging and loyalty to the homeland, which leads to the disintegration of the class in the social entity.
Education is relied on as one of the important tools that lead to the assimilation of all segments of society by removing social, economic, geographical and political obstacles that exclude a specific social class, which affects life chances ... and other impacts that threaten the individual and society.
The Egyptian educational system was not far from that; The Egyptian constitution indicated in article no. (9) that the state is committed to achieving equal opportunities for all citizens, without discrimination. Among these rights is education - especially university education, as the constitution stipulates in Article no. (21) that the state provides university education in accordance with international quality standards. It is guaranteed free of charge in the state's universities and institutes; however, there are a number of societal challenges that Egyptian society has witnessed in recent times. These led to the emergence of different patterns within public universities, including the new programs that were actually applied in 2006/2007.
In it, the student contributes part of the costs of his studies, and the universities expanded in their establishment, and the debate about these programs revolved between supporters at times, and opposition at other times, which requires searching for the role of new programs in public universities in perpetuating social exclusion for some social groups.